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As the name suggests, Jet fuel is used mainly to power jet engines, which rely on the powerful thrust of expelled air to drive the plane forward. Avgas (short for aviation gasoline) is used to power piston engines aircraft, which rely on the rotation of their propellers to generate thrust. Many modern turboprop planes also run on Jet fuel, as they feature engines with a gas turbine which power their propellers.
Source: Jetex | Focus on Fuel Part One: Different Types of Aviation Fuel
