Air traffic management: evolution with technology
New technologies are driving the ATM paradigm from command and control in the direction of more distributed decision making. This may be best illustrated by TCAS (the Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System). TCAS is a tactical system intended for use by pilots to avoid collisions caused by inadvertent violations of separation standards.
Source: Air traffic management: evolution with technology | IEEE Journals & Magazine | IEEE Xplore